When to choose each approach
The right answer depends on evidence already available, urgency, and the risk of creating more AI before measuring what exists. SME governance is useful when the immediate decision needs neutrality, a short scope, and evidence internal teams can verify.
Transformation program can be the right choice when the problem is already qualified and the company knows exactly what it wants to ship. Risk appears when the organization buys delivery to avoid the harder question: which use case has earned the right to grow?